Vestibular Disease in Dogs and Cats

What is Vestibular Disease?

Vestibular disease affects the vestibular system, which helps control balance and coordination. This condition can cause sudden, severe symptoms that may be alarming to pet owners. It can occur in dogs and cats of any age and can be caused by various underlying issues.

Symptoms of Vestibular Disease

Head Tilt: A noticeable tilt of the head to one side.
Loss of Balance: Difficulty walking or standing, often leading to stumbling or falling.
Nystagmus: Rapid, involuntary eye movements.
Disorientation: Confusion and difficulty navigating their environment.
Vomiting or Nausea: Due to dizziness and imbalance.

Causes of Vestibular Disease

Vestibular disease can be classified into two types:

Peripheral Vestibular Disease: This affects the inner ear and the nerves that connect the ear to the brain. Common causes include:
- Ear infections (otitis interna or otitis media)
- Vestibular neuritis
- Tumors or polyps
Central Vestibular Disease: This affects the brainstem or cerebellum. Causes may include:
- Brain tumors
- Stroke
- Infections (e.g., bacterial or fungal)
- Trauma

Diagnosis

To diagnose vestibular disease, a veterinarian will perform a thorough physical examination, including:

Neurological assessments
Ear examinations
Blood tests
Possibly imaging (X-rays, CT scans, or MRI) to determine the underlying cause

Treatment

Treatment for vestibular disease depends on the underlying cause:

Medications: To control symptoms such as nausea, dizziness, and inflammation.
Antibiotics or Antifungals: If an ear infection or other infectious cause is identified.
Surgery: In cases where tumors or polyps are present.

Prognosis

The prognosis for vestibular disease varies. Many pets show significant improvement within a few days to weeks, especially with early treatment. Some pets may have residual balance issues, but they often adapt well.

When to Seek Veterinary Care

If you notice any symptoms of vestibular disease in your pet, it’s important to seek veterinary care promptly. At Mission Veterinary Clinic, we are equipped to handle urgent care needs and provide the necessary diagnostic and treatment services.